Robert A. Manning is a senior fellow with the Brent Scowcroft Center on International Security at the Atlantic Council. He formerly served as senior strategist, DNI National Counterproliferation Center, 2010-2012 and director, long-range energy and regional/global affairs, US National Intelligence Council, Strategic Futures Group, 2008-2010. From 2005-2008, he served as a member of the secretary’s Policy Planning Staff, Department of State and from 2001-2005 he was senior counselor, energy, technology and science policy, Department of State, where he advised the under secretary of state for global affairs and other senior officials on a range of issues including: energy and climate change policy; new energy technologies; development issues and the Millennium Challenge Account, science and technology issues; and North Korea and Iran nuclear issues. From 1997-2001, he was director of Asian studies and a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. He led several CFR task forces including the Korea Task Force and The Southeast Asia Task Force among others. His publications at CFR include The Asian Energy Factor (Palgrave/St. Martins 2000); China, Nuclear Weapons and Arms Control; essays on nuclear weapons, numerous journal articles on international energy and Asian security issues; and roughly half a dozen book chapters in edited volumes on China, Korea, Japan, and energy and energy security. From 1989-1993, he was an advisor for policy and public diplomacy to the assistant secretary of state for East Asian and Pacific affairs at the Department of State. From 1988-1989, he was an advisor to the Office of the Secretary of Defense. He has published widely in Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, The National Interest, the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, Chosun Ilbo and other publications.