Signs of China respecting and complying with international law and norms are mixed at best. Assuming that international law and norms are the foundation of the postwar liberal international order, established and sustained by the United States and other advanced democracies including European states and Japan, I use the concept of a liberal international order interchangeably with international law and norms. I also distinguish three patterns of Chinese behavior toward the liberal international order with examples of particular relevance to Japanese observers.

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