If Jiang Zemin’s legitimacy was consolidated by rapid economic growth and Hu Jintao’s reign had been characterized by his slogan to achieve a “harmonious society” in the era of neoliberalism, Xi Jinping will face two daunting tasks of keeping up with rapid economic growth and preventing the outbreak of social challenges, such as collapsing rural areas, environmental crisis, and a rising GINI Index.

At the same time, thanks to the newly acquired position of “G-2,” China can no longer be “introspective.” On the contrary, China should take the burden of greater responsibilities globally. This presentation will briefly summarize domestic and international challenges to China’s new leaders and their self-perceived missions.